Psychology Research Center

Blue-Light Blocking Glasses and Eye Strain

Presented by Marisa Spiering & Ferrinne Spector

Neuroscience Department, Edgewood University

Objective:

Investigate the claims that blue light blocking glasses reduce eye strain as measured by saccade frequency which is a rapid movement of the eye between fixation points. We hypothesized that if blue light blocking glasses reduce eye strain, there would be a smaller number of saccades in the blue light blocking glasses group compared to the control group.

Discussion:

Results suggest that we did induce eye strain within the 25-minute reading session. There was insufficient evidence to fully support the claims that blue-light blocking technology does reduce eye strain. However, there is descriptive evidence that suggests that they might. The change in amplitude of the eye movements shows that the saccades had a higher intensity in the control. Therefore, eye movements became more intense for them, as compared to the blue light blocking group, which decreased over time.

Focus and Flight: How focus of attention impacts muscle recruitment and performance in a skills learning task

Presented by Evan Rufer & Ferrinne Spector

Psychology & Neuroscience Programs, Edgewood University
Madison, Wisconsin

Objective:

To better understand how Focus of Attention (FOA) during visual motor skills learning influences rate of improvement, and explore muscle engagement across attention conditions. We hypothesized that the rate of improvement will be higher with an external FOA compared to an internal FOA. We also predicted that there will be different muscle engagement across attention conditions.

Discussion:

External focus of attention leads to a slight advantage in visual motor skills learning. Learning can be measured by improvement over
trials and performance was measured by a points scale​ which throws that were closer to the center ​ receive a higher value (1-10 points). This suggests that cognitive strategies as well as muscle-related biofeedback may be effective mechanisms for visual motor skills training.

Evan presenting his work in Boston at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society annual conference.

Experience and Virtual Reality: Trait Anxiety and Autonomic Arousal in Provocative VR Environments

Presented by Katie Lange and Ferrinne Spector

Psychology Department, Edgewood University

Objective:

It is important to examine how trait anxiety relates to autonomic arousal and tolerance in VR settings, and to examine how provocative virtual environments elicit arousal and feelings of presence/realness. We predicted that higher levels of trait anxiety would be associated with higher autonomic arousal and lower tolerance over a period of exposure. Currently VR research has been primarily directed at addressing specific phobias, rather than addressing generalized anxiety or exposure therapies. A potentially powerful next step in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) may be addressing clinically relevant anxiety. 

Discussion: ​

Not all environments are equally arousing, the heights environment was the most affectively arousing, and led to the most sense of presence. Heart Rate Variability was the only measure that was consistent across environments. 

Future Directions could include an established database of virtual reality stimuli rated by valence and arousal comparable to the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) to study emotion. This would allow researchers and clinicians to use empirically validated measures to quantify the arousal quotient of different environments, and these measures could be used to start developing a virtual reality valence/arousal library for future studies and for application in VRET.

The Path of Attention: Automaticity and Effort, Concept and Percept in Multimodal Visual Search Tasks

Presented by Alessandra M. Sardina & Ferrinne Spector

Psychology Department, Edgewood University

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to examine audiovisual attention with multiple forms of communicative cues such as images and sounds. This was done across automatic and effortful attention conditions. We predict conceptual associations in automatic conditions will have higher accuracy and faster response times. Further, we predict there will be no difference in reaction time between the associations in the effortful condition.

Alessandra presenting her work in Boston at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society annual conference.

Unpredictable auditory stimuli and risk-taking: The role of executive functioning, affect, and sensation-seeking
Calvin Moen & Ferrinne Spector

Psychology Department, Edgewood University
Madison, Wisconsin

Objective:

How does anxiety (induced by unpredictability) affect risk preference.

Executive Functions (EFs) are a set of cognitive functions such as inhibition, switching, and updating past knowledge. Do EFs and emotion regulation moderate the relationship between anxiety and risk preference?

How might different ways of presenting unpredictable stimuli affect risk preference, and do different subconstructs of EF moderate these
relationships?

Discussion:

Results suggest that:
• Risk preference is primarily explained by an individuals traits rather than their emotional state which is influenced by the unpredictable sounds
• Anxiety does not affect risk preference, nor do EFs play a moderating role
• The study reinforces the importance of individual difference in predicting risk-taking behavior

Calvin presenting his work in Boston at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society annual conference.